Metronidazone

-


Metronidazole:
A prototype nitroimidazole. Tissue amoebicide
Broad spectrum cidal activity
Mechanism of action:
                 Diffusion into cell of amoeba
 
 Nitro group reduced into highly reactive nitro radical by redox     potential of anaerobes                                                              
 
           Causes cytotoxicity by damaging DNA
Nitro radical acts as electron sink which competes with the biological electron acceptor of anaerobic organism for the electrons generated by pyruvate oxidation
         Disruption of energy metabolism of anaerobes
—  Uses and dosage regimens:
1. Amoebiasis:
Ø  mild intestinal disease: 400mg TDS for 5-7 days
Ø Invasive dysentery and liver abscess: 800mg TDS for 7-10 days
2. Giardiasis:
Ø 400mg TDS for 7 days
3. Trichomonas vaginitis:
Ø 400mg TDS for 7 days
4. Anaerobic bacterial infection:
Ø For serious cases, iv 15mg/kg infused over 1 hour followed by 7.5mg/kg every 6 hours till oral therapy can be substituted with 400-800mg TDS
5. Pseudomembranous enterocolitis:
Ø 400mg TDS for 10 days
6. Ulcerative gingivitis, trench mouth:
Ø 200-400mg TDS (15-30mg/kg/day) for 5 days
7. Helicobacter pylori gastritis/peptic ulcer:
Ø Metronidazole 400mg TDS along with amoxicillin/clarithromycin and a proton pump inhibitor in triple drug 2 week regimen
8.Guinea worm infestation:
Ø 200-400mg TDS for 7 days
—  Summary:
Metronidazole:
•      Acts by disrupting energy metabolism of anaerobes
•      An important drug in the triple drug regimen against H. pylori associated gastritis as well as in amoebiasis, giardiasis, anaerobic bacterial infections etc.
—  References:
—  Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, K D Tripathi, 6th Edition
—  Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Bertram G. Katzung, 11th Edition
—  Davidson’s Practice and Principles of Medicine,21st Edition
—  Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Walker and Rogers,4th Edition

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Separating Medium

-
Definition Separating media are those substances which is used to separate two surfaces from each other. Separating media help to separate A.             Plaster surface to acrylic surface B.             Plaster surface to plaster surface C.            Plaster surface to metal surface D.            Plaster surface to impression material surface Classification 1. Oily and greasy substances a) Vaseline b) Liquid paraffin c) Grease in crude form d) Mineral and vegetable oil These substances when applied, absorbs onto the plaster surface and thus aids in separation Disadvantage §   They weaken the plaster surface §   Cannot be uniformly and evenly applied on the plaster surface §   Details of impression cannot be copied precisely due to loss of surface details Uses Used when great accuracy is not required eg. — Flasking of denture — Articulating the model — Separation of model from base during repair works 2. Solution separating med
Read more

Chemical Stages of Polymerization of Acrylic Resin

-
DENTURE BASE MATERIALS DENTURE BASE MATERIALS VULCANITE (1855)– Rubber with 32 % Sulphur & Metallic oxides.   Advantages – It is nono-toxic, non-irritant, has excellent Mechanical properties   material is sufficient hard to polish. Limitation – Absorbs saliva – becomes unhygiene, leads to bacterial growth & unpleasant odour Poor esthetics Dimensional changes
Read more

Manipulation of Gypsum Product

-
MANIPULATION OF GYPSUM PRODUCTS Gypsum is manipulated in three simple steps 1. Proportioning 2. Mixing 3. Caring of the cast Rules of mixing gypsum Rule no. 1: Work Preparation     Cleanliness of the tools is the first rule for a good laboratory. Blow as well as stirring spatula must be free from plaster residue and rinsed thoroughly with clear water after cleaning with plaster solvents. Any kind of residue on the mould may cause incorrect results. The mixing ratio stipulated by the manufacturer must be observed as precisely as possible. Weighing and measuring of plaster and water ensure reproducibility. Scoop with hard plaster (negative example!!!) Rule no.2   Storage The best possible storing for unopened dental plasters is in humidity-proof containers in dry rooms at 23°C and 50%air humidity. When stored in unsuitable rooms, storage suitability decreases considerably, since temperatures that are too high or too low, or air humidity that is too high wi
Read more